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Home....About....Search....Site..Map....Blog..Consultation...with...a...travel...medicine...physician...is...needed...to...evaluate...individual...risk...and...recommend...appropriate...preventive...measures...such...as...vaccines.Diseases...are...organized...into...the...following...six...exposure...categories...shown...in...italics...and...listed...in...typical...descending...order...of...riskLos..documentos..que..son..traducciones..al..Espaol..y..que..se..encuentran..en..esta..pgina..Web..no..tienen..validez..oficial..ni..legal..en..este..Estado..o..en..alguna..entidad..politica..del..mismoSource:..CIA..World..Factbook..-..This..page..was..last..updated..on..July..9,..2017..Tweet..Nigeria..Major..infectious..diseasesFactbook..>..Countries..>..Nigeria..>..Demographicsto...5...p.m.,...except...state...holidays

....2017...IndexMundiMajor...infectious...diseases:...degree...of...risk:...very...highfood...or...waterborne...diseases:...bacterial...and...protozoal...diarrhea,...hepatitis...A...and...E,...and...typhoid...fevervectorborne...diseases:...malaria,...dengue...fever,...and...yellow...feverwater...contact...diseases:...leptospirosis...and...schistosomiasisrespiratory...disease:...meningococcal...meningitisaerosolized...dust...or...soil...contact...disease:...Lassa...feveranimal...contact...disease:...rabies...(2016)...Definition:...This...entry...lists...major...infectious...diseases...likely...to...be...encountered...in...countries...where...the...risk...of...such...diseases...is...assessed...to...be...very...high...as...compared...to...the...United...StatesNote:...The...sequence...of...exposure...categories...listed...in...individual...country...entries...may...vary...according...to...local...conditions.food...or...waterborne...diseases...acquired...through...eating...or...drinking...on...the...local...economy:Hepatitis...A...-...viral...disease...that...interferes...with...the...functioning...of...the...liver;...spread...through...consumption...of...food...or...water...contaminated...with...fecal...matter,...principally...in...areas...of...poor...sanitation;...victims...exhibit...fever,...jaundice,...and...diarrhea;...15%...of...victims...will...experience...prolonged...symptoms...over...6-9...months;...vaccine...available.Hepatitis...E...-...water-borne...viral...disease...that...interferes...with...the...functioning...of...the...liver;...most...commonly...spread...through...fecal...contamination...of...drinking...water;...victims...exhibit...jaundice,...fatigue,...abdominal...pain,...and...dark...colored...urine.Typhoid...fever...-...bacterial...disease...spread...through...contact...with...food...or...water...contaminated...by...fecal...matter...or...sewage;...victims...exhibit...sustained...high...fevers;...left...untreated,...mortality...rates...can...reach...20%.vectorborne...diseases...acquired...through...the...bite...of...an...infected...arthropod:Malaria...-...caused...by...single-cell...parasitic...protozoa...Plasmodium;...transmitted...to...humans...via...the...bite...of...the...female...Anopheles...mosquito;...parasites...multiply...in...the...liver...attacking...red...blood...cells...resulting...in...cycles...of...fever,...chills,...and...sweats...accompanied...by...anemia;...death...due...to...damage...to...vital...organs...and...interruption...of...blood...supply...to...the...brain;...endemic...in...100,...mostly...tropical,...countries...with...90%...of...cases...and...the...majority...of...1.5-2.5...million...estimated...annual...deaths...occurring...in...sub-Saharan...Africa.Dengue...fever...-...mosquito-borne...(Aedes...aegypti)...viral...disease...associated...with...urban...environments;...manifests...as...sudden...onset...of...fever...and...severe...headache;...occasionally...produces...shock...and...hemorrhage...leading...to...death...in...5%...of...cases.Yellow...fever...-...mosquito-borne...viral...disease;...severity...ranges...from...influenza-like...symptoms...to...severe...hepatitis...and...hemorrhagic...fever;...occurs...only...in...tropical...South...America...and...sub-Saharan...Africa,...where...most...cases...are...reported;...fatality...rate...is...less...than...20%.Japanese...Encephalitis...-...mosquito-borne...(Culex...tritaeniorhynchus)...viral...disease...associated...with...rural...areas...in...Asia;...acute...encephalitis...can...progress...to...paralysis,...coma,...and...death;...fatality...rates...30%.African...Trypanosomiasis...-...caused...by...the...parasitic...protozoa...Trypanosoma;...transmitted...to...humans...via...the...bite...of...bloodsucking...Tsetse...flies;...infection...leads...to...malaise...and...irregular...fevers...and,...in...advanced...cases...when...the...parasites...invade...the...central...nervous...system,...coma...and...death;...endemic...in...36...countries...of...sub-Saharan...Africa;...cattle...and...wild...animals...act...as...reservoir...hosts...for...the...parasites.Cutaneous...Leishmaniasis...-...caused...by...the...parasitic...protozoa...leishmania;...transmitted...to...humans...via...the...bite...of...sandflies;...results...in...skin...lesions...that...may...become...chronic;...endemic...in...88...countries;...90%...of...cases...occur...in...Iran,...Afghanistan,...Syria,...Saudi...Arabia,...Brazil,...and...Peru;...wild...and...domesticated...animals...as...well...as...humans...can...act...as...reservoirs...of...infection.Plague...-...bacterial...disease...transmitted...by...fleas...normally...associated...with...rats;...person-to-person...airborne...transmission...also...possible;...recent...plague...epidemics...occurred...in...areas...of...Asia,...Africa,...and...South...America...associated...with...rural...areas...or...small...towns...and...villages;...manifests...as...fever,...headache,...and...painfully...swollen...lymph...nodes;...disease...progresses...rapidly...and...without...antibiotic...treatment...leads...to...pneumonic...form...with...a...death...rate...in...excess...of...50%.Crimean-Congo...hemorrhagic...fever...-...tick-borne...viral...disease;...infection...may...also...result...from...exposure...to...infected...animal...blood...or...tissue;...geographic...distribution...includes...Africa,...Asia,...the...Middle...East,...and...Eastern...Europe;...sudden...onset...of...fever,...headache,...and...muscle...aches...followed...by...hemorrhaging...in...the...bowels,...urine,...nose,...and...gums;...mortality...rate...is...approximately...30%.Rift...Valley...fever...-...viral...disease...affecting...domesticated...animals...and...humans;...transmission...is...by...mosquito...and...other...biting...insects;...infection...may...also...occur...through...handling...of...infected...meat...or...contact...with...blood;...geographic...distribution...includes...eastern...and...southern...Africa...where...cattle...and...sheep...are...raised;...symptoms...are...generally...mild...with...fever...and...some...liver...abnormalities,...but...the...disease...may...progress...to...hemorrhagic...fever,...encephalitis,...or...ocular...disease;...fatality...rates...are...low...at...about...1%...of...cases.Chikungunya...-...mosquito-borne...(Aedes...aegypti)...viral...disease...associated...with...urban...environments,...similar...to...Dengue...Fever;...characterized...by...sudden...onset...of...fever,...rash,...and...severe...joint...pain...usually...lasting...3-7...days,...some...cases...result...in...persistent...arthritis.water...contact...diseases...acquired...through...swimming...or...wading...in...freshwater...lakes,...streams,...and...rivers:Leptospirosis...-...bacterial...disease...that...affects...animals...and...humans;...infection...occurs...through...contact...with...water,...food,...or...soil...contaminated...by...animal...urine;...symptoms...include...high...fever,...severe...headache,...vomiting,...jaundice,...and...diarrhea;...untreated,...the...disease...can...result...in...kidney...damage,...liver...failure,...meningitis,...or...respiratory...distress;...fatality...rates...are...low...but...left...untreated...recovery...can...take...months.Schistosomiasis...-...caused...by...parasitic...trematode...flatworm...Schistosoma;...fresh...water...snails...act...as...intermediate...host...and...release...larval...form...of...parasite...that...penetrates...the...skin...of...people...exposed...to...contaminated...water;...worms...mature...and...reproduce...in...the...blood...vessels,...liver,...kidneys,...and...intestines...releasing...eggs,...which...become...trapped...in...tissues...triggering...an...immune...response;...may...manifest...as...either...urinary...or...intestinal...disease...resulting...in...decreased...work...or...learning...capacity;...mortality,...while...generally...low,...may...occur...in...advanced...cases...usually...due...to...bladder...cancer;...endemic...in...74...developing...countries...with...80%...of...infected...people...living...in...sub-Saharan...Africa;...humans...act...as...the...reservoir...for...this...parasite.aerosolized...dust...or...soil...contact...disease...acquired...through...inhalation...of...aerosols...contaminated...with...rodent...urine:Lassa...fever...-...viral...disease...carried...by...rats...of...the...genus...Mastomys;...endemic...in...portions...of...West...Africa;...infection...occurs...through...direct...contact...with...or...consumption...of...food...contaminated...by...rodent...urine...or...fecal...matter...containing...virus...particles;...fatality...rate...can...reach...50%...in...epidemic...outbreaks.respiratory...disease...acquired...through...close...contact...with...an...infectious...person:Meningococcal...meningitis...-...bacterial...disease...causing...an...inflammation...of...the...lining...of...the...brain...and...spinal...cord;...one...of...the...most...important...bacterial...pathogens...is...Neisseria...meningitidis...because...of...its...potential...to...cause...epidemics;...symptoms...include...stiff...neck,...high...fever,...headaches,...and...vomiting;...bacteria...are...transmitted...from...person...to...person...by...respiratory...droplets...and...facilitated...by...close...and...prolonged...contact...resulting...from...crowded...living...conditions,...often...with...a...seasonal...distribution;...death...occurs...in...5-15%...of...cases,...typically...within...24-48...hours...of...onset...of...symptoms;...highest...burden...of...meningococcal...disease...occurs...in...the...hyperendemic...region...of...sub-Saharan...Africa...known...as...the..."Meningitis...Belt"...which...stretches...from...Senegal...east...to...Ethiopia.animal...contact...disease...acquired...through...direct...contact...with...local...animals:Rabies...-...viral...disease...of...mammals...usually...transmitted...through...the...bite...of...an...infected...animal,...most...commonly...dogs;...virus...affects...the...central...nervous...system...causing...brain...alteration...and...death;...symptoms...initially...are...non-specific...fever...and...headache...progressing...to...neurological...symptoms;...death...occurs...within...days...of...the...onset...of...symptomsThese...infectious...diseases...represent...risks...to...US...government...personnel...traveling...to...the...specified...country...for...a...period...of...less...than...three...yearsThe..degree..of..risk..is..assessed..by..considering..the..foreign..nature..of..these..infectious..diseases,..their..severity,..and..the..probability..of..being..affected..by..the..diseases..present.

The..diseases..listed..do..not..necessarily..represent..the..total..disease..burden..experienced..by..the..local..population.The..risk..to..an..individual..traveler..varies..considerably..by..the..specific..location,..visit..duration,..type..of..activities,..type..of..accommodations,..time..of..year,..and..other..factorsAll...rights...reservedSkip...to...page...content...Skip...to...page...menu...Skip...to...site...search...Search...az.gov...ARIZONA...DEPARTMENT...OF...HEALTH...SERVICES...Health...and...Wellness...for...All...Arizonans...ARIZONA...DEPARTMENTOF...HEALTH...SERVICES...Toggle...Navigation...HOME...AUDIENCES...Women...Men...Children...&...Teens...Seniors...Clinicians...School...Representatives...Spanish...Speakers...Veterans...TOPICS...Back...to...School...Birth/Death...Certificates...Cancer...Digital...Library...Diseases...File...a...Complaint...Genealogy...Health...Screenings...Healthy...Babies...Healthy...Living...Immunizations...Licenses...&...Certification...Medical...Marijuana...Obesity...Prevention...Summer...Safety...Vital...Records...DIVISIONS...Arizona...State...Hospital...Patients...&...Families...Arizona...Community...Protection...and...Treatment...Center...(ACPTC)...Public...Private...Partnership...(P3)...Volunteer...Services...&...Charitable...Donations...Director’s...Office...Agency...Org...Chart...Administrative...Counsel...&...Rules...Agency...Reports...Office...of...Continuous...Improvement...Public...Information...Office...Legislative...Services...Office...of...Border...Health...Tribal...Liaison...Licensing...Enforcement...Action...Search...Online...Complaint...Forms...Online...Provider...Services...Provider...&...Facility...Databases...Map...of...Health...and...Child...Care...Facilities...Child...Care...Licensing...Long-Term...Care...Licensing...Medical...Facilities...Licensing...Residential...Facilities...Licensing...Special...Licensing...Medical...Marijuana...Program...Vital...Records...License...Application...Forms...Emergency...Waivers...Contact...Us...Planning...&...Operations...Financial...Services...Human...Resources...Information...Technology...Services...Procurement...Preparedness...Epidemiology...&...Disease...Control...Public...Health...Emergency...Preparedness...Emergency...Medical...Services...&...Trauma...System...State...Laboratory...Services...Public...Health...Statistics...Smoke-Free...Arizona...Prevention...Health...Systems...Development...Women’s...&...Children’s...Health...Nutrition...and...Physical...Activity...Tobacco...and...Chronic...Disease...Tobacco...Free...Arizona...A-Z...INDEX...A...B...C...D...E...F...G...H...I...J...K...L...M...N...O...P...Q...R...S...T...U...V...W...X...Y...Z...Waterborne...Diseases...ADHS...Home...Public...Health...Preparedness...Epidemiology...&...Disease...Control...Infectious...Disease...Services...Highlighted...Infectious...Diseases...for...Arizona...Waterborne...Diseases...Menu...Home...Waterborne...Diseases...Healthy...Swimming...Home...Recreational...Waters...Additional...Resources...Resources...for...Aquatic...Professionals...Outreach...Past...Contest...Winners...Drinking...Water...Hygiene...Infectious...Diseases...A-Z...Communicable...Disease...Reporting...Home...Healthcare...Providers...Clinical...Labs...Schools...&...Childcare...Pharmacies...Disease...Data,...Statistics...&...Reports...Home...Data...&...Statistics...Tables...Reports...Disease...Investigation...Resources...Home...Case...Definitions...Disease...Reporting...&...Investigation...Forms...Infectious...Disease...Investigation...Manual...Infectious...Disease...Outbreak...Investigation...&...Management...Laboratory...Resources...Legal...Requirements...Contact...Us...Arizona...Department...of...Health...Services...150...North...18th...Avenue...Phoenix,...Arizona...85007...Find...us...on...Google...Maps...General...and...Public...Information:...(602)...542-1025...Fax:...(602)...542-0883...About...UsContact...Us...Hearing/Speech...Challenges?...Connect...with...ADHS...Note:...ADHS...is...open...Monday...through...Friday...from...8...a.m...2009...-...Arizona...Department...of...Health...Services...back...to...top...To....learn....about....how....ADHS....collects....information....about....website....users,....please....review....our....Website....Privacy....Policy



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